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An investigator identifies a group of middle-aged Japanese men with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and a group of middle-aged Japanese men without nasopharyngeal carcinoma. He then collects data on their past alcohol and cigarette use. Finally he calculates the odds ratio for use of alcohol and cigarettes among men with nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared to those without nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Case-Control Study
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Cohort
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Randomized Clinical Trial
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None of the above
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Correct.
Case-control studies are distinguished from cohort studies and randomized clinical trials by the method that is used to identify the study and control groups. In case-control studies the study and control groups consist of individuals who have and do not have the outcome, that is the disease or event of interest. Usually the individuals in the study group, called cases, and the individuals in the control group, called controls, are already aware that they have experienced the outcome. The investigators then determine whether each of the cases and each of the controls previously had the characteristic or exposure of interest.
Case-control studies are distinguished from cohort studies and randomized clinical trials by the method that is used to identify the study and control groups. In case-control studies the study and control groups consist of individuals who have and do not have the outcome, that is the disease or event of interest. Usually the individuals in the study group, called cases, and the individuals in the control group, called controls, are already aware that they have experienced the outcome. The investigators then determine whether each of the cases and each of the controls previously had the characteristic or exposure of interest.
In this investigation, the cases consist of middle-aged Japanese
men with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The control group consists of
middle-aged Japanese men without nasopharyngeal carcinoma. After
identifying cases and controls the investigators assess their past
use of alcohol and cigarettes. Thus, this is a case-control study.
